How Selected Materials Work in Interior Design Over Time

25.04.2025

When designing interiors, it's important not only to consider the aesthetics, functionality, and cost of materials but also how they behave over time. The materials used in interiors respond to changes in the environment, such as temperature, humidity, wear, and even changes in light intensity. In this article, we will explore how different materials work in an interior over time and what factors affect their long-term sustainability.

1. Wood: A Natural Material that Responds to Environmental Changes

Wood is one of the oldest and most popular materials in interior design. Its beauty lies in its natural texture and the warmth it brings to a space. However, wood is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture and, conversely, can shrink when the humidity decreases. These changes in volume and shape can lead to cracks or deformation. Therefore, it is important to maintain proper humidity levels in the room to keep wooden floors, furniture, and paneling in good condition for as long as possible.

In addition, wood experiences wear depending on how often it is used. Regular walking on wooden floors can cause fading on the surface, which may require occasional sanding or applying protective coatings.

2. Stone: Durability with a Historical Touch

Stone, such as marble, granite, or limestone, is a material known for its durability and resistance to damage. It is often used in floors, wall coverings, or decorative elements. However, stone also undergoes changes over time, although these processes occur much more slowly than with wood. The biggest challenge for stone surfaces is exposure to water and acids. For example, marble is susceptible to damage from acidic substances, which can cause dull spots and structural damage.

Humidity and heat can also cause the stone to change color. In outdoor applications or rooms with high humidity, moss or algae can appear on the stone, requiring regular maintenance.

3. Glass: Beauty and Fragility

Glass is a popular material in interior design for its ability to bring light and visual lightness to a space. Due to its transparency, it is used in windows, doors, mirrors, and furniture. Glass is highly resistant to external influences, but it is still subject to wear over time. After extended use, microscopic scratches may appear on the surface, reducing its visual quality. Additionally, glass is susceptible to damage from impact, which can cause it to crack or break.

Interestingly, glass can also influence the temperature in a room. Its transparency means that during sunny days, heat can enter the room, affecting the climate inside. For this reason, investing in high-quality insulating glass is often necessary to regulate heat and save energy.

4. Fabrics: Dependent on Exposure and Wear

Fabrics, such as curtains, carpets, upholstery, or cushions, are essential for creating a cozy atmosphere in interiors. However, fabrics are subject to gradual wear. Their colors may fade due to exposure to sunlight, which is especially noticeable on materials exposed to direct sunlight. Furthermore, frequent use of these materials can cause the fibers to wear down, reducing their appearance and comfort.

Fabrics also require proper cleaning and maintenance. Some materials may lose their original texture or color after cleaning, which can affect their appearance. Just like wood, fabrics respond to humidity and heat, which can influence their durability and comfort.

5. Plastic: A Practical and Cost-Effective Material

Plastic is a modern material commonly used in furniture, wall coverings, or decorative elements. It is affordable, lightweight, and highly resistant to moisture and dirt. However, plastic also undergoes changes over time. Prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause plastic to fade or release unwanted chemicals. Additionally, plastic can be subject to mechanical damage, such as cracking or bending at high temperatures.

While plastic doesn't require as much maintenance as wood or fabrics, its aesthetic properties can deteriorate over time, affecting its long-term usability in interiors.

Materials in interiors evolve and change over time due to various factors such as humidity, temperature, wear, and exposure to sunlight. Each material has its specific properties and challenges that need to be considered when selecting them for a particular interior. Regular maintenance and adaptation to the environment are essential to ensuring that the interior remains beautiful and functional for a long time.